Skip to content
Human-limitedSynthetic exendin-4 GLP-1 agonist

Exenatide

Exendin-4 synthetic peptide for glycemic control.

Overview

Binds to GLP-1 receptors, stimulating insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety.

Proposed mechanism

Exenatide is a synthetic exendin-4 peptide from Gila monster saliva that is resistant to DPP-4 degradation (half-life 2-4 hours) and activates GLP-1 receptors.

What the evidence supports

Human data exists but the trials are small, short-term, or not yet replicated.

Graded Human-limited

Human data that exists but is thin: open-label work, single-arm studies, small cohorts, or observational follow-up without randomisation.

Key citations

Representative primary sources, including results that did not favour the compound.

  1. [1]

    Exenatide cardiovascular outcomes

    · DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1607570 · 2016

  2. [2]

    Exendin-4 pharmacology

    · DOI:10.2165/00003495-200565130-00001 · 2005

  3. [3]

    Exenatide cardiovascular outcomes (2016)

    · · 0

  4. [4]

    Exendin-4 pharmacology (2005)

    · · 0

Citation records in this build are illustrative placeholders for the design.

Reference information for research purposes. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to use any compound. Many entries describe substances that are not approved for human use.

Related profiles

Adipotide (FTTP)

Animal

Targeted fat-depot destruction via vascular apoptosis

Adipotide (also called FTTP) is an experimental peptidomimetic compound designed to selectively destroy the blood supply to white adipose tissue by targeting prohibitin, a protein highly expressed on the vasculature feeding fat cells. Originally developed at MD Anderson Cancer Center, it demonstrated dramatic fat loss in obese rhesus monkeys without dietary restriction. It remains a research compound with no approved human clinical use.

0 RCT · 0 human · 0 preclinical

fat-loss

AICAR

Human-limited

AMPK activator mimicking endurance exercise effects

AICAR (Acadesine) is a nucleoside analog and potent AMPK activator that mimics the cellular energy-depletion state, triggering a cascade of metabolic adaptations including enhanced fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. It has been extensively studied for its ability to improve endurance performance, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility without physical exercise. Originally developed as a cardioprotective agent, it has attracted significant interest in the performance and longevity research communities.

0 RCT · 0 human · 0 preclinical

metabolic

AOD-9604

Anecdotal

HGH fragment for lipolysis stimulation

HGH fragment for localized fat metabolism.

0 RCT · 0 human · 0 preclinical

fat-loss