Overview
Binds to copper-dependent enzymes (lysyl oxidase, superoxide dismutase) and modulates gene expression of over 4,000 genes.
Proposed mechanism
GHK-Cu delivers copper to fibroblasts systemically, activating enzymes required for collagen, elastin, and proteoglycan synthesis while reducing inflammation.
What the evidence supports
Human data exists but the trials are small, short-term, or not yet replicated.
Graded Human-limited
Human data that exists but is thin: open-label work, single-arm studies, small cohorts, or observational follow-up without randomisation.
Key citations
Representative primary sources, including results that did not favour the compound.
- [1]
GHK-Cu systemic effects
· DOI:10.3390/ijms19071987 · 2018
- [2]
GHK-Cu systemic effects (2018)
· · 0
Citation records in this build are illustrative placeholders for the design.
Reference information for research purposes. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to use any compound. Many entries describe substances that are not approved for human use.