LL-37

Full-length adrenal hormone with broad receptor activity

ACTH 1-39 is the full-length, biologically active form of adrenocorticotropic hormone, a 39-amino acid peptide naturally secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It primarily stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenal androgens. Beyond adrenal signaling, ACTH 1-39 exerts direct effects on the brain, immune system, and peripheral tissues via melanocortin receptors.

Tissue-protective peptide for nerve repair and inflammation

ARA290, also known as Cibinetide, is a synthetic 11-amino acid peptide derived from the helix B surface peptide of erythropoietin (EPO) that selectively activates the innate repair receptor (IRR) without stimulating erythropoiesis. It is designed to harness the tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory properties of EPO while avoiding its hematopoietic side effects. Clinically, it has been investigated for neuropathic pain, small fiber neuropathy, and inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis.

Pineal-derived peptide for brain and immunity

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) derived from the pineal gland and developed within the Russian peptide bioregulator program. It is primarily studied for its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, with research suggesting it may support cortical function, slow age-related neurological decline, and modulate immune responses. Most of its evidence base comes from Russian preclinical and limited clinical studies conducted in the 1980s–2000s.