Overview
Binds to receptors on dermal papilla cells, activating Wnt/β-catenin and reducing androgen receptor activity.
Proposed mechanism
Tetrapeptide-21 stimulates dermal papilla cells, prolongs anagen phase, and reduces dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to follicles.
What the evidence supports
Most data comes from preclinical animal studies. Human clinical trial evidence is limited or absent.
Graded Animal
Evidence drawn from in vivo animal models or in vitro systems. Mechanistically informative; translation to humans is unproven.
Key citations
Representative primary sources, including results that did not favour the compound.
- [1]
Tetrapeptide hair growth
· DOI:10.1111/jocd.12457 · 2018
- [2]
Peptides in alopecia
· DOI:10.1111/ics.12614 · 2020
- [3]
Tetrapeptide hair growth (2018)
· · 0
- [4]
Peptides in alopecia (2020)
· · 0
Citation records in this build are illustrative placeholders for the design.
Reference information for research purposes. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to use any compound. Many entries describe substances that are not approved for human use.